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Project Euler 29–Distinct powers

Wu Yudong    August 20, 2018     欧拉计划   514   

Consider all integer combinations of ab for 2 ≤ a ≤ 5 and 2 ≤ b ≤ 5:

22=4, 23=8, 24=16, 25=32
32=9, 33=27, 34=81, 35=243
42=16, 43=64, 44=256, 45=1024
52=25, 53=125, 54=625, 55=3125

If they are then placed in numerical order, with any repeats removed, we get the following sequence of 15 distinct terms:

4, 8, 9, 16, 25, 27, 32, 64, 81, 125, 243, 256, 625, 1024, 3125
How many distinct terms are in the sequence generated by ab for 2 ≤ a ≤ 100 and 2 ≤ b ≤ 100?


不同的幂

考虑所有满足2 ≤ a ≤ 5和2 ≤ b ≤ 5的整数组合生成的幂ab

22=4, 23=8, 24=16, 25=32
32=9, 33=27, 34=81, 35=243
42=16, 43=64, 44=256, 45=1024
52=25, 53=125, 54=625, 55=3125

如果把这些幂按照大小排列并去重,我们得到以下由15个不同的项组成的序列:

4, 8, 9, 16, 25, 27, 32, 64, 81, 125, 243, 256, 625, 1024, 3125
在所有满足2 ≤ a ≤ 100和2 ≤ b ≤ 100的整数组合生成的幂ab排列并去重所得到的序列中,有多少个不同的项?

算法设计(方法1):

1、将ab 进行因数分解,以字符串的形式保存,eg.  28= (4 * 7)= (22 * 7)5  = 2^10*7^5

2、用一个结构体数组保存所有的数的因数分解表达式

3、对上述结构体数组排序

4、遍历此数组,找出不相同的项的总数

// Language: C
// 版权所有(C)wu yudong 
// 博客地址:http://www.wuyudong.com
#include <stdio.h> 
#include <string.h>

const int prim[25] = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37,41,
                      43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97};

struct node
{
   char list[100];

}num[9801];

int cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
{
    return strcmp((*(struct node*)a).list, (*(struct node*)b).list);
}

char * explain(int a, int b)   /*将a^b分解因数*/
{
    char s[100], ch;
    char *p;
    p = s;
    int t;
    for(int i = 0; i < 25; i++) {
        t = 0;
        while(a % prim[i] == 0) {
            if(t == 0) {
                sprintf(p,"%d",prim[i]);
            }
            a /= prim[i];
            t++;
        }
        if(t > 0) {
            p = s + strlen(s);
            *p++ = '^';
            t = t * b;
            sprintf(p,"%d",t);
            p = s + strlen(s);
            if(a != 1) {
                *p++ = '*';
            } else {
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    return s;
}

void solve(void)
{
    int i, j, k, sum;
    k = 0;
    for(i = 2; i < 101; i++) {
        for(j = 2; j < 101; j++) {
            strcpy(num[k++].list, explain(i,j));
        }
    }
    qsort(num, 9801, sizeof(num[0]),cmp);
    sum = 1;
    for(i = 0; i < 9801; ) {
        j = i + 1;
        if(j >= 9801)  break;
        while(strcmp(num[i].list, num[j].list) == 0) {
            j++;
        }
        i = j;
        sum ++;
    }
    printf("%d\n",sum);
}

int main(void)
{
    solve();
    return 0;
}

算法设计(方法2):

仔细考察数字矩阵的规律,可以发现:

能够发生重复的数字,将他们因数分解以后,得到的指数的底都是相同的,e.g. 16与64……,在2~100中,能够发生重复数字的底只有4、8、16、32、64、9、27、81、25、36、49、81、100,于是可以在底为2的时候就排除掉以4、8、16、32、64为底的重复的数字。

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdbool.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

#define N 101
#define M 601

int main(void)
{
	int answer = 0;
	int i, j, k, l;
	bool flag[M];

	bool use[N] = { false };

	for (i = 2; i < N; i++) {
		if (!use[i]) {
			int t = i;

			memset(flag, false, sizeof(flag));

			for (j = 2; j < N; j++) {
				t = t * i;
				if (t >= N) {
					break;
				}
				use[t] = true;
			}

			for (k = 1; k < j; k++) {
				for (l = 2; l < N; l++) {
					flag[k * l] = true;
				}
			}

			for (k = 2; k < M; k++) {
				if (flag[k]) {
					answer++;
				}

			}
		}
	}
	printf("%d\n", answer);
	return 0;
}

Answer:

9183

Completed on Tue, 19 Nov 2013, 15:28

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